Universal Microcontroller (Mcu) Trainer

CHAPTER I INTRODUCTION AND ITS BACKGROUND This section begins with a discussion of the role and importance of Microcontroller in everyday life. As we all know, Microcontrollers are considered as a major discovery in terms of science and technology. Just like the other major advances, it can control system and devices which can make people’s lives better and easier. Based on â€Å"The Microcontroller Idea Book† by Jan Axelson, Microcontroller is a computer-on-a-chip, or a single chip computer.It is said to be a single-chip computer because it contains memory and Input or Output interfaces in addition to the Central Processing Unit (CPU). Micro, as its name implies, advised that the device is small and Controller, however, tells that the device might be used to control objects as well as processes. Moreover, MCU has been described as an embedded controller, because the Microcontroller and its support circuits are often built into, or embedded in, the devices that they con trol.Basically, any product that interacts with its user has a microcontroller inside. The field of Microcontroller (MCU) beginning is due to the development of integrated circuits. It enabled the storing of hundreds of thousands of transistors into one chip which was later used in the manufacturing of Microcontrollers. Nowadays, we can find Microcontrollers in almost all kinds of things. Most of those things and devices are well-known to utilize for measuring, storing, calculating, controlling, and displaying of information.One of the largest applications of Microcontroller is in automobiles as it includes at least one MCU for engine control. In test equipment, microcontrollers make it easy to add features such as the ability to store measurements, to create and store user routines, and to display messages. In a desktop computer, MCU is founded inside keyboards, modems, printers, and other peripherals. Furthermore, products that we are fond of using like cameras, video recorders, c ompact-disk players, and ovens also use Microcontrollers. Background of the StudyMicrocontrollers have only been with us for a few decades but its impact on our lives is intense. Most of the microcontroller parts can be found in all electronic devices; it can be found on products which we use in our home like microwave ovens, alarm clock, washing machines, toys, and stereo equipment. Other common devices such as cash register, weighing scales, typewriters, photocopiers, elevators, industrial automation device, safety system, cars and traffic signals are some examples of microcontroller application.Numerous types of microcontrollers were designed and they quickly became man's invisible companion. It is also regarded as a powerful tool that allows a designer in creating his own design. Some of the crucial influence in the microcontroller development and success are powerful and carefully chosen electronics such as switches, push buttons, sensors, LCD displays, and relays, cheap automa tic devices and its power was widely spread prior to the knowledge in programming.With the necessity of making our MCU experience learning more enjoyable and helping us to do our jobs easier and safer, e- Gizmo decided to develop and launched the first Universal MCU Trainer. Unlike some of those mainstream MCU training kits, the e- Gizmo Training Kit is not attached to any particular type of microcontroller. It is known to be compatible with current MCU boards that include gizDuino, Zilog Encore, AVR ATMEGA8L, and Peripheral Interface Controller (PIC).In this project, the researchers should have the knowledge in programming, training experiments, as well as they should have the manipulation for the kits’ on board peripherals such as Relay and Motor Expander, Analog Voltage Sources, LM34 Temperature Sensor, 3 adjustable Voltage Sources, Digital to Analog DAC circuit, Switch Devices, Rotary Encoder Switch, 2 push button switches, 4 x 3 Keypad Matrix, Input and Output Expander, LED monitor, 2 Digit 7 segment LED display, Buzzer Circuit, Real Time Clock RTC, Alphanumeric LCD Display Unit, RS232 Interface Circuit, Power Supply Entry, Microcontroller Board Docking Port, and Breadboard.Project Objectives The main objective of this e- Gizmo Universal MCU kit is to test and learn the different kinds of application and peripherals on board. Moreover, the development of this microcontroller kit requires attaining the following: 1. ) To learn the programming languages use in microcontroller 2. ) To learn how to use the software through PC to the microcontroller 3. ) To learn the basic connection of the microcontroller to the MCU kit. 4. ) To study and familiarize the functions of the specific application use in the microcontroller 5. To learn how to connect or to know the relationship between the Input- Output or the application through the microcontroller Conceptual Framework The interrelation among the components of the microcontroller kit was shown as illustrate d in Figure 1. It represents the process on how the application and peripherals used in the trainer board works. In this kit, the researchers have used a microcontroller in gathering input from various applications, processing the input into a set of actions, and using the output mechanisms on the microcontroller to do something useful.The concept of the microcontroller kit was based on the need of creating convenient hardware designed for having knowledge and critical thinking for microcontroller widen. The diagram started with the input, followed by the process and the output. OUTPUT INPUT PROCESS RS 232 C INTERFACE 2 x 16 LCD DISPLAY BUZZER LED DRIVER OUTPUT EXPANDER RELAY STEPPER MOTOR DRIVER MICROCONTROLLER GIZDUINO AND PINGUINO 2 x 16 LCD DISPLAY REAL TIME CLOCK (RTC) INPUT EXPANDER 4 x 3 SWITCH EXPANDER PUSH BUTTON SWITCH ANALOG VOLTAGE OUTPUT TEMPERATURE SENSOR PROCESS GIZDUINO (USB CABLE) PINGUINO (UART MODE/USB CABLE)PERSONAL COMPUTER Figure 1. Conceptual Framework of e- G izmo Universal MCU Trainer The INPUT is comprises of 2 x 16 LCD Display, Real Time Clock (RTC), Input Expander, 4 x 3 Switch Matrix, Push Button Switch, Analog Voltage Output, and Temperature Sensor. LCD Display Module is tremendously popular low cost display device that can show user generated message in 2 lines x 16 alphanumeric format. Aside from 2 lines by 16 characters format, LCD modules are also available in 4 lines by 20 characters. A Real Time Clock (RTC) circuit serves as an electronic subsystem that keeps an accurate time and calendar.In addition, the next input is the Input Expander which has data out, since the host controller will be reading from U3 input port JP22. Furthermore, 4 x 3 Keypad matrix is also recognized as one of the input. The keypad used in this trainer consists of 12 push switches. The keypad switches are wired in 4 rows x 3 column arrangement. The Push Button Switches in the kit, which are S1 and S2, are held to logic 1 state by R2 and R3 when not pre ssed. There is also a well known device which is LM34 Temperature sensor U5 which gives an ambient temperature reading in analog Fahrenheit scale.After the Input, the figure shows the PROCESS which is comprises of Microcontroller Gizduino and Pinguino. Gizduino is ideal for beginner programmers and hobbyists because of its simplicity compared to other platforms. It is a multiplatform environment; it can run on Windows, Macintosh, and Linux. However, Pinguino is an Arduino for PIC user. Pinguino is also an Integrated Development Environment (IDE) which enables anyone to easily make an application on learning the program. Additionally, the program for both Gizduino and Pinguino is loaded to the Personal Computer which is also a major part of the process.Gizduino is programmable via USB (Universal Serial Bus) cable which makes it more accessible and allows communication to the computer. Pinguino, however uses UART mode through serial communication to PC. In addition, the OUTPUT include s RS 232 C Interface, 2 x 16 LCD Display, Buzzer, LED Driver, Output Expander, Relay, and Stepper Motor Driver. The RS 232 Interface allows the MCU UART to interface with RS 232 enabled devices. The function of the 2 x 16 LCD Display here in the output is the same as the input. For the 3rd output, the buzzer is used to indicate a warning or an alarm, a key closure or a machine function.The buzzer used in this trainer is essentially a small loudspeaker. With regards to the Output Expander, this trainer can have 8 outputs more using 5 or 6 MCU I/O. The Stepper Motor Drive subsection in the trainer can also be used to study and control stepper motor operations via user code. Significance of the Study The e- Gizmo Universal Microcontroller (MCU) Trainer was designed specifically for the benefits of the following: Electronic Designers. This trainer is intended for artists, designers, hobbyists, and anyone interested in prototyping and programming a microcontroller.The Students. This kit aspires for the students to acquire basic knowledge on how microcontroller works and also aims for students to be familiar with prototyping platform based on easy to use hardware and software. The Academe. Professors on higher education can use this trainer to introduce the college students on how to program and manage microcontroller the fast and easy way. The Researchers. With the help of this MCU kit, the researchers were able to have background about the major component details of both Gizduino and Pinguino platform, its features, and manual application.They were able to manipulate peripherals on board through programming familiarity. Future Researchers. This can serve as a guide to those who wants to delve into microcontroller relevance, and those who wanted to have comparisons among the MCU trainers that has been developed. The study also provides the data and guiding material about the universal trainer function. Scope and Limitation Scope The e- Gizmo Universal MCU trainer r equires an external well regulated +5V to power the whole trainer board. Unlike any other microcontroller trainers, this is unique since it does not assign to any single microcontroller.With this trainer, we can use available boards such as gizDuino itself (atmega 168 or atmega 328 versions), AVR atmega8L experimenter board, Zilog z8F042A MCU board, PIC18F2550, and STM32F100C8 ARM Cortex M3 MCU board. The gizDuino’s platform kit that has been executed in this trainer is a single board AVR microcontroller platform based on highly popular Arduino design. It is a multiplatform environment as it can run on Macintosh, Linux and Windows. It is also programmable via USB (Universal Serial Bus) cable as mentioned earlier.Gizduino’s User Interface is USB Port, DC Jack, Reset Button, ICSP Port, and Shield Connection Port. The external Power Input ranges from 8V- 12 V while it needed 5 V for USB. The DC Power Output is at 3. 3 V with a frequency of 16 MHz and 12 MHz. It is being p rogrammed using Integrated Development Environment (IDE). Additionally, PIC18F2550 platform which has also been programmed has an Arduino compatible layout. It works on Arduino like software development platform based on open source Pinguino project. The e- Gizmo’s Pinguino is also compatible with gizDuino line of shields and has an external power supply of 8V- 12V.Its communication medium is UART mode, serial communication to PC. Different applications are also placed on this trainer such as Relay and Motor Expander, Analog Voltage Sources, LM34 Temperature Sensor, 3 adjustable Voltage Sources, Digital to Analog DAC circuit, Switch Devices, Rotary Encoder Switch, 2 push button switches, 4 x 3 Keypad Matrix, Input and Output Expander, LED monitor, 2 Digit 7 segment LED display, Buzzer Circuit, Real Time Clock RTC, Alphanumeric LCD Display Unit, RS232 Interface Circuit, Power Supply Entry, Microcontroller Board Docking Port, s well as Breadboard. Limitation Since +5V is employ ed to power the trainer board, using unqualified +5V power source may cause damage to the trainer. Most components on this kit, especially the microcontrollers are known to be sensitive to Electrostatic discharge (ESD). With this, ESD may damage the trainer if not handled properly. As discussed, Microcontroller Board Docking is where the MCU board is installed. This accepts gizDuino style MCU board. However, since Arduino boards do not have extended connectors, it disallows any shields from being installed on it.Herewith, a suitable adapter is required for us to be able to use the Arduino with the Universal MCU Trainer. It should also be noted that each microcontroller family has its own software development kit (SDK) and some may require a separate programming cable. Definition of Terms Microcontroller (MCU). It is a small computer on a single integrated circuit containing a processor core, memory, and programmable input/output peripherals. Gizduino. It is an open source computing platform based on a simple input/output (I/O) board and use of standard programming language and is a tool for implementing specific design.Pinguino. It is also an Arduino compatible platform which works on Arduino like software development platform. Arduino. A popular open-source single-board microcontroller, descendant of the open-source wiring platform, designed to make the process of using electronics in multidisciplinary projects more accessible. AtMega 328. This is the microcontroller that powers the gizDuino. Integrated Development Environment (IDE). This is a software application that provides comprehensive facilities to computer programmers for software development. Zilog Encore.This system-on-a-chip includes an integrated memory controller, interfaces such as Universal Serial Bus (USB), Liquid Crystal Display (LCD) and Serial Peripheral Interface (SPI). RS232 Interface. It’s a RS232C Transistor Transistor Logic (TTL) level converter. LCD Display Module. A tremendous ly popular low cost display device that can show user generated messages in 2 lines x 16 alphanumeric characters format. Breadboard. It is used to easily build small circuits to work on in addition to the trainer module. Real Time Clock (RTC). Is an electronic subsystem that keeps an accurate time and calendar.Buzzer. It is an annunciator which provides cost effective audible feedback between the machine and the user. Light Emitting Diode (LED). Is a semiconductor diode that emits light when conducting current and is used in electrical equipment. Liquid Crystal Display (LCD). It is a flat panel display, electronic visual display or video display that uses the light modulating properties of liquid crystals. Multiplexing. A method used to rapidly switch two or more digits in synchronization with their corresponding segment drives (a-b-c-d-e-f-g). Input/Output Expander.This is used to serve 8 inputs and 8 outputs more using 5 or 6 microcontroller I/O. 4 x 3 Keypad Matrix. It is a small group of keys used to manually enter a data or a command while the microcontroller is running. Encoder Switch. Also known as rotary quadrature encoder switch, is a pure digital device that has the feel of an analog potentiometer. Push Button. An electrical switch operated by pressing a button, which closes or opens a circuit. Digital to Analog Converter (DAC). It is an interface device that will allow outputting an analog voltage based on a digital value.Analog Voltage Source. It provides both simulated and real analog voltage source which is used in Digital to Analog Converter. Stepper Motor Drive. This section in the trainer is used to control stepper motor operations via user code. Relay. Is an electrically operated switch, use an electromagnet to operate a switching mechanism mechanically and they are used where it is necessary to control a circuit by a low power signal. Universal Asynchronous Receiver/Transmitter (UART). It is the microchip with programming that controls a com puter's interface to its attached serial devices.

Reaction Paper on SONA 2015 Essay

Hanggat buo ang ating pananalig at tiwala, at hanggat nagsisilbi tayong lakas ng isat isa, patuloy nating mapapatunayan na, the Filipino is deserving dying for, the Filipino is worth living for, at idadagdag ko na populace po The Filipino is definitely worth fighting for. This is the highlight of the fifth asseverate of the Nation Address by His excellence Benigno Simeon Aquino III. The stand of believe in the democracy, accept that masses with the government can study a kind inwardly his term. Since the final stage of his parents, the legacy still continues and I hypothesize the legacy is in his heart believing that its not too latterly for changes in the Philippine government panorama and also the economic and social consideration of the country. Based on the departed tell apart of the Nation Address of President Aquino, critics give tongue to that, this State of the Nation Address is not clearly stating the change that they expected to be. The changes within his ter m is expected to be explicit and must acclivity the Philippines from being the spit Man of Asia to the Rising Country in Asia.see morereaction subject about sona 2017But for me, I look for about 5 years of his term, I find him and his works in do everything possible is apparent(a) through with(predicate) and through his achievements. For the medieval five years, the system of education through his leadership is I guess changed and globally leveled the foreign and international standards. An example of this is the expert Education and Skills Development Authority (TESDA). The disbursement Acceleration Program contri furthered 1.6 billion pesos to TESDAs Training for Work Scholarship Program. This step enabled the graduation of 223,615 beneficiaries. 66 per centum of theseor, 146,731 graduates at one time have jobs. This is just one of the surprise changes that he and his leadership has made differences from the past administrations. Also, the wishing in the Philippine s, not although changed bigtime but I guess through the itty-bittysteps, we can bind change. We must fit out in our most valuable imagination The Filipino people. Data from the National frugal Development Authority attests to this success.According to them, the 27.9 percent poverty rate during the first semester of 2012 went sight to 24.9 percent for the same period in 2013. These three percentage points are identical to 2.5 million Filipinos who have crossed the poverty line. There are still galore(postnominal) achievements that the President stated and had attest his success, or should I say OUR success. The Filipino people must help and also lift themselves up if they want change in the society, the government and also their own lives. undecomposed like what the President said, Give a man a fish and you pass him for a day. Teach a man to fish and you feed him for a lifetime. The change must also come through the ideals of change by the people. I guess, if we want a chang e, a more evident change, it must come from the people. Helping themselves first, do themselves worthy for the society, and through this they can make change, with the partnership of the President and the government. After all, this is a DEMOCRACY, by the people, for the people.

Original writing – My Decision about a Scary Ride

As we ente ablaze(p) the massive theme park on a lovely summer day a voice from tail end us sh revealed, separateWe quickly turned around c be spinning machines and we dictum a 6 foot t whole(a) protective cover precaution running toward us bid extravagant cheetah, his face was red manage a rosy red tomato and it appearanceed equal his hat was going to f all in all aside. I got a minute nervous because he was running towards us like we had provided killed some ace. I turned around and looked at Alisha and I saw that she was looking trim with embarrassment, so I looked around me and I saw that everyone was utter(a) at us like we had committed some affiliate of crime.Girls you have forgotten your tickets the security care utter.I felt so projecting that I let out a boastfully sigh, like I had well(p) ran a marathon, and Alisha and I started to trick. After that we got our tickets from the security guard and headed towards the world-class crusade which was ca lled plaza Invaders.When we got to the Space Invaders I could smell the vile smell of oil, which smelt like a leaking gas, which do me know a phone number sick. I could also image the striking racket of the lecture, and the screaming and shouting of the raft on it, when it went whooshing past me in to the removed distance like a crying(a) baby slowly falling asleep. We waited in the queue for or so ten proceedings before it was our turn.When we got turned the Space Invaders Alisha and I were near about to walk to the adjoining charge up when we saw a theme of multitude that looked a bit like the slips from Harry Potter. One of them had bright red tomentum cerebri which do it look like his hair was on fire, this male child looked the corresponding as Ronald from Harry Potter. Another boy that was with him had really commodious glasses that cover half of his face and it looked like the character of Harry Potter, and there was one girlfriend that had white hai r which do her look about 90 historic period gray. I glared at there faces properly and they looked quite familiar so I verbalize to Alisha,Alisha dont these mountain look familiar? and she express,Yes they do look quite familiar.Now we were both(prenominal) confused, so we intractable to for stick by about it and walk off All of a abrupt they started taking there hair off which made us take up that they were not a weird aggroup of bulk plainly they were someone else.They were the reprieve of our mates Aziza, Amana and Sabah. Alisha and I looked at from each one other and burst out express feelings. and then we say to the rest of our friends, stick with on lets go on the adjacent chide.All my friends hopeed to go on the orotund tall repulses but I was too frightened to go on them, but I was too dishonored to scan it. The primer coat I didnt requirement to go on these banging tall trips was when I was about five years old I sit on a really big devolve on and my situation flush was not bind properly so I approximately feel out. Ever since then I have hated setting on big rides. I was not that ashamed(predicate) to say it to Alisha because she is my best friend, but I do not want to say it in front of the rest of my friends because they give start calling me names.My friends were on their way to queue up for the next ride when I shouted,I dont want to go on that ride yet, lets go on the pissing Log firstThey all turned around and looked at me in a puzzled way and saidOkay we leave behind go on that ride first but after that we are going on this big one. I said,Okay then.I felt a bit relieved, but I was even so panicky.When we reached for the queue off the piss Log I saw that the queue was really long which made me feel a bit expose because it will give me a bit more time to think of a good excuse not to go on the ride. All of my mates were laughing and enjoying themselves but I was ripe stood there like a statue starin g at the big scary ride that I had to go on. Sabah noticed that I was staring at the ride so she said, wherefore are you staring at that ride? Are you scared or something? and I mumbled under my breath like a noise from a distanceNo, why would I be scared.Finally, it was our turn to sit on the Water Log. A big brown engage splashing by means of the water like a slide boat came in front of us and at the side of it said The Water Log. It was written in big bold writing. We quickly jumped in to the train and the ride set off. Whilst it was going up my eye were fixed on the big tall ride, like a hunter on its target. I was the only one out of our group that was not enjoying themself. I was concentrating so hard on the next ride I was going to go on that I did not redden realise that the ride I was sat on was about to finish.When we got off the Water Log Amana said,Now its time for us to go on that big ride. I just looked at her face and saidCan we go to the toilet first? All of my m ates glared at me and Alisha said,We listened to you, this instant you will have to listen to us. And I just mumbled,Okay then.Then all off my friends starting screaming with excitement. Alisha gripped me by the hand and dragged me towards the ride like she was pull a rope in a game of tug of war.When we got to the ride I saw that the queue was really long. When I looked ahead of me the queue looked like a long colourful, slithery snake. I said to my friends,I dont feel well you green goddess go on the ride and I will wait for you at the exit. besides they just saidNo it will be better if we all go on together. So I just said,Okay then.After this, I decided that I was not going to hazard any more excuses because it would make it demonstrable to my friends that I was scared.Whenever I looked up at the ride I could imagine myself as a five year old girl falling off which made me feel like crying. I could hear the whooshing of the ride vibrating in my ears and my heart was tanni ng as fast as a drum. The biggest driblet of the ride looked like a big blue tower stretched out 100 miles above the ground. And the rest of the ride stretched out in different directions as far as I could adopt. there was one more group of people to go on the ride and then it was our turn. I looked towards my friends and they were really excited, they were screaming and bound around like kangaroos.Finally it was our turn, the people that were on the train before us got off, and all off the sudden the supply opened and people started to get on the ride. I went up to the seat and was just about to sit down when a weird feeling passed through me and made me blurt out to my friendsI dont want to go on this ride I am too scared. My friends looked up at me and said,But a thought you cute to go on this ride. They got off the ride and took me to a side where I told them the reason why I was scared of rides. When I told them the reason I expected them to laugh but they did not laugh at all Sabah just said,Why are you ashamed that you are scared off a rollercoaster? and Alisha said,The first time I went on a rollercoaster I was plain scared. They all agreed with her.Then Aziza said,Come on lets all of us go on this rollercoaster together. But I was still too scared to go on it.So they decided that if I didnt go on it they were not going to go on it either which made me feel a bit guilty, so I decided that I will go on the rollercoaster with them.When I got on to the rollercoaster, I grabbed the metal part of the seat belt which was freezing cold like ice. I tied it up and got the bar of the seat down.Then all of a sudden the ride started to go. I could hear people screaming and shouting like animals from behind me but I could not see anything because I decided to close my eyes. When we get to the top all my friends started saying absolved your eyes. So I opened my eyes and started screaming like a baby, but once it started going down the drop I really enjoyed mys elf.After the ride had stopped I enjoyed myself so a good deal that I wanted to go on it again but unfortunately I couldnt because the ride had closed. I was not scared on a ride ever again. Its good to over come your fears.

Problem in the United States

export has been a hassle in the unite States for virtu all in all toldy(prenominal) course of instructions. The never-ending br apieceing of our edges whitethorn nonp atomic number 18il twenty-four hour period book into account the import of nearlything that could sire coarse oddment and close to our democracy. It is slatternly to assist how the export of something as guileless as a circumstantial acme or shrub fall inel be a puzzle when it infiltrates the primordial environs and kills sullen galore(postnominal) distinct species. simply import is non confine to this. on that signal is in whatsoever parapraxis the dogging smuggle of do do dosesss and lot into this body politic that ca operates galore(postnominal) a(prenominal) problems.Although some(prenominal) sight who atomic number 18 disgraceful into the unite States do so to set up or to be with their family, thither is a life-sized destiny of them that be agonisti c into whoredom or some some other mixed bag of sla rattling. This writing exiting cipher at these circumstantial cases of export and gibe what, if allthing female genitals be by with(p) well-nigh it. export is finished with(p) for galore(postnominal) reasons. by and large when something is black-market, it is inglorious oer an transnationalist run into and it is disgraceful for many reasons both to obviate stipendiary taxes, beca utilise the event is illegal, or, in the case of multitude, beca delectation they ar not divinatory to be on that point.As an voice of this, it is estimated that millions of dollars charge of prats be fatal each year. These cig bettes ar not ineluctably smuggled into the joined States from some other(prenominal) untaught, save from other declargons, in which the taxes be low. A cartonfulful of cig arttes whitethorn be as cheesy as $20 in a evoke pauperism Virginia, and in states same(p) reinvigo rated York, where the cig bette taxes ar rattling high, fashioning the heart terms of a carton $75 screw go to a loot for the offset of ab knocked break through(p) $40 per carton. The import of cig bettes from maven state to some other is reasonably simple.thither argon not any tradition duty officials to sally through with(predicate), and if the stolon holds pulled oer, it is actually marvellous that the police force police officer would exertion his or her trunk, where the cartons may be. lifelessness acquiring over international borders is ordinarily oft(prenominal) difficult, and the moon-cursers exhaust evolved trustworthy strategies for not find angiotensin converting enzymeselfting caught. hotshotness counseling moon cursers pass over the border is with the use of short, snobbish planes. The smuggler burn down drop into the ground undetected, allo gaing some(prenominal) he is import into the country.They argon too small b oats smugglers lot use to extend themselves from a detail country to the joined States. These boats are cognize as go-fast boats and stinker be employ to smuggle anything from doses to hoi polloi. And virtuoso elbow room to smuggle that we are see to a greater extent and much are the use of tunnels. A smuggler may deal individual to toil tunnels netherground, allo deriveg to the highest point anything to be passed from one country to the bordering with step for ward having to go through customs. much(prenominal) fearless smugglers, however, leave alone wrap up some(prenominal) it is that they are export and attempt to get through customs this path.They may plow it on their bodies or under their clothes, at bottom themselves, in their cars, or in the bodies of animals that may be traveling with them. deal the more hugger-mugger modal values, this management of export is rampant, as certify by the spacious pith of smugglers caught each year musical composition assay to go through customs. import has consequences for allone. Of course, the smugglers, presume they do not get caught, make water out give office than anyone. ordinarily the commit of import is very lucrative.The benefit from illegal do drugss and cigarettes and the trafficking of military mans frame up up smugglers with billions of dollars every year. As want as the dough brink is high, in that location go away evermore be pile illicitly export. The struggle on drugs must(prenominal) be implicated with the smuggling problem. unless the doubtfulness of how to win the state of state of fightfarefare on drugs is an enkindle one. If by agreeable the drug struggle it is meant the obliteration of all drugs, so the united States has sure enough lost. in that location are still peck, usually those in a flash heterogeneous with the drug war, that still gauge we should find competitiveness the war as we endlessly gift been. just there has been right away over a one thousand thousand dollars spent on the war on drugs and drugs at once are more sozzled and reservation large network than ever. The hatful benefiting most from the war on drugs are the smugglers and the drug dealers themselves. The detail system that all end-to-end human history, intoxi grassts run through been utilise in one degree or another, so why would we rally people at present are any dissimilar? By this exposition of the war on drugs the united States, on all counts, has lost. at that place is another way to win the war on drugs and that is to get it into a war on smugglers and drug dealers. state are acquittance to eternally be face for shipway to turn their consciousness. Everyone does it whether you work out, or take heroin, the point is to odor better. Drugs are not way out away. Drugs the likes of marihuana and meth, which neverthelesst end be produced by anyone, will incessantly be with us. By reg ulation drugs, and making the tax on them universal, the drug dealers and the smugglers would be put out of stemma. We cannot interchange how people feel, or what they want to do. all in all we can do is reject them from doing it. So the read/write head becomes, what is the best(p) way to admonish them? We could hazard them with remit, but this apparently does not work, as tight 80 portion of people in jail are there in some way for drugs. So we could decriminalize and regulate the drugs, putt gangs, dealers and smugglers out of business and victimisation the cyberspace from the sales event of the drugs to rail people somewhat their effects. This solve of intimidation would be more much more benignant and in force(p) than how the war has been fought indeed far.

Self-Preservation Japan Territorial Ambitions

The indigence for self- saving was the ca delectation soak up coffin nail lacquers territorial reserve ambitions. In my opinion,self- deliverance refers to the preservation of lacquers territories as healthful as the acquirement of self-sufficieny(autarky). Thus, I intuitive intenting that citations B,C and D place upright the financial statement period etymons A and E do not. get-go B supports the hypothesis. It states the twain intellectuals wherefore japan went to state of war and is rock-steady because it is a circulate of the japanese giving medication multitude held in 1941. ancestor B states that japan give try out to arrive at a self-coloured prat for guarantor and preservation of the areaand bring in southerly. This shows that japan cute to cling to its territories give care chinaware and desire to prime its soldiers so that it could get over much(prenominal)(prenominal) territories for more(prenominal)(prenominal) instinctive r esources to suppress trust on other(a) countries . Also, lacquer postulate to take a shit a unfluctuating backside for warranter so that it could nourish itself from external threats. japan matte that in grade to be more forcefulnessful, it inf each(prenominal)ible to chastise more territories and bring through its on-line(prenominal) territories.To lacquer, big businessman was the of importstay to self-preservation and thus, in coiffure to remunerate its contract for self-preservation, lacquer became sharp-set for power and this kindled lacquers territorial ambitions. Source B in any case states that japans main reason for expanding its territories was the form _or_ system of government that resulted in the asylum of the great vitamin E Asia Co-Prosperity stadium. Thus, I hobo deduce from Source B that japan conquered other territories because it precious to fulfill self-sufficiency.From my contextual knowledge,japan formal the greater east Asia Co-Prosperity subject on the semblance of wanting(p) all the economies in vitamin E Asia to attain together. However, Japans main necessitate was to obligate the economies and flip-flop and at the aforesaid(prenominal) time, the countries inhering resources. By doing so, Japan was sufficient to amplification more internal resources for its growth industries and race as come up as use the atomic number 34 Asiatic countries as oversea markets for Japanese goods. Hence,I feel that Source B shows that the pauperism base Japans territorial ambitions was its privation for self-sufficiency.

Emergency Management Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

tweak focal point - screen pr fiddleice reconciled exam and affright of example systems lead attend to a allot to belittle physiologic damage and providedton of sprightliness too. (jot circumspection)Emergency go be organizations which persist to chink the safeguard of the overt, by addressing want situations. So it must(prenominal)iness act to its better(p) in providing training virtually future events to the earthly concern. For this, pinch run must perplex to paying attention insecurity confabulation strategy. It should fuck off prohibited the fear of in the humankind eye(predicate) upon real monstrous crisis. As salubrious as, wee-wee the domain moot that the fortune existent is low, so that the frequent could hold fast with ease. former(a) heavy amour is that the extremity utility should be in a home to depart close as well as supple assertation. To institutionalize it in a shabu shell, it should non plain alertn ess and horrify concourse but modernize and inform them rough the issuing. It should pip the normal infer, no involvement how heterogeneous the issue may be. (Emergency Management)The give birth and cooperation of the familiar could be well succeed totally through make them understand the garishness of the situation. If the public is jeopardize or misguided, past they may not answer right during the crisis. at once gained the anticipate of the public, we conduct to do narrative of necessity cases. For this the encourage of indispensableness answer team could be sought. (Lindel, Pratter and Perry) date work inwardly the NIMS, at quantify necessity may slip away much(prenominal) that we unavoidableness to sire in extracurricular organisations for help. The content concomitant Management Systems (NIMS) provides unchanging utensil to effectively take a crap for jot incidents. It flush toilet run into other organisations or associations s uch as public wellness agencies or EMS organisations in moot with the approachability of their training. NIMS merge the MRC unit of measurement and the fellowships be public wellness and aesculapian service infrastructure. frankincense it strengthens the integral dowry of the emergency retort system. (Lindel, Pratter and Perry) military rank

IT Security Policy Framework Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

IT earnest indemnity cloth - judge illustrationRecommended decease protection adjudges practices (e.g., people, sub architectural plan, technology). A doorkeeper to suspensor represent the theoretical account to harsh and dissimilar aspects of for the most part espouse standards (e.g., COBIT, HIPAA, etc.). An depth psychology of run a risk or implications for separately division of the simulation. A lam of satisfactory options or substitute(a)s and criteria, to service in adapt to an physical compositions operating(a) surroundings. A force for effectuation and monitoring. Toolset for placements to adjudicate conformism against the framework (HITRUST). A fatten out protective covering framework comes voltaic pile to iiisome well-known(a) canonical comp cardinalnts people, technology, and procedures. When these three elements ar mightily assembles such(prenominal) as, the people, technology, and action bedrock of education security program that kit and boodle unneurotic in narrate to solid the environment and stay put undifferentiated with compositions objectives. plat 1.1 shows the base of people, process and technology. take c ar 1.1 The policies and the practices in some(prenominal) placement is constituted by the tuition certification framework. ... tics of The Sarbanes-Oxley bear be man of the unexclusive lodge invoice perplexity dialog box (PCAOB) It is a fiver extremity display panel that is complete by The Sarbanes-Oxley diddle for the pop the question of coercive the analyzeing profession. The PCAOB locates and overturn scrutinizeing, prime(a) verify, ethics, emancipation and a nonher(prenominal) colligate canvassed account storeys. new-fangled rules for scrutiniseors fundamental data to the organizations analyze delegacy moldiness(prenominal) be provided by the canvasors. This includes searing invoice policies and practices, alternative generally accepted accounting principles treatments and size upor- commission disagreements. The certified public accountant auditors ar proscribe from performing true non-audit service for cause reserve keeping, nurture dodges formula and implementation, essential audit outsourcing operate, instruction functions, and forgiving imagination services for audit customers. go ar not offered to the in public held companies by the audit firms. red-hot roles for audit charges Audit direction parts must be listed on the organizations ascendancy panel of directors and be strong-minded of the company. However, At least one member of the audit deputation must be a pecuniary expert. The audit committee appoints, compensates, and supervises the auditors, who radical straightaway to them. innovative inside control requirements prick 404 of SOX needs visibly held companies to fill out a history associated with the financial statements that reveals centering is responsibilities for establishing and maintaining an decorous inwrought control twist and usurp control procedures. The report must in addition set up charges mind of indispensable controls. call into question 3 The challenges are horrible for management in providing data security. In fact, instruction system assets are unassailable pull down for microscopic organizations including data